NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena designs and operates robotic spacecraft. The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) established JPL in the 1930s. In the decades that followed, JPL created America's first satellite, Explorer 1, sent the first robotic craft to the Moon, and then launched a series of craft to all of the planets, save Pluto. Today, JPL continues to have three main exploration programs: Robotic missions to the planets and other bodies in the solar system; earth-orbiting satellites, some of which monitor environmental conditions on earth and some of which peer out into deep space; and NASA's Deep Space Network, a set of antenna complexes around the world used to communicate with distant space probes. The laboratory has a budget of almost $1.6 billion and over 5,400 employees.